Labarai - Tsarin Karfe: Mahimmin Tsarin Tsari a Injiniyan Zamani

A cikin gine-gine na zamani, sufuri, masana'antu, da injiniyan makamashi,tsarin karfe, tare da fa'idodinsa biyu a cikin kayan abu da tsari, ya zama babban ƙarfin tuƙi a cikin fasahar injiniyanci. Yin amfani da ƙarfe a matsayin ainihin kayan aiki mai ɗaukar nauyi, yana ƙetare iyakokin tsarin al'ada ta hanyar samar da masana'antu da shigarwa na yau da kullum, samar da ingantattun mafita ga ayyuka masu yawa masu rikitarwa.

Fa'idodi da Rashin Amfanin Tsarin Karfe - CHINA ROYAL STEEL

Ma'ana da Yanayin Tsarin Karfe
Tsarin ƙarfe yana nufin tsarin tsari mai ɗaukar nauyi wanda ya ƙunshifaranti na karfe, sassan karfe (H katako, U tashoshi, karfe karfe, da sauransu), da kuma bututun ƙarfe, waɗanda aka kulla ta hanyar walda, maƙarƙashiya mai ƙarfi, ko rivets. Mahimmancinsa shine yin amfani da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe don a ko'ina canja wurin lodi a tsaye (mataccen nauyi da nauyin kayan aiki) da lodin kwance (iska da girgizar ƙasa) daga gini ko aikin zuwa tushensa, yana tabbatar da daidaiton tsari. Idan aka kwatanta da simintin gyare-gyare, babban fa'idar ginin ƙarfe ya ta'allaka ne a cikin kaddarorin injin su: ƙarfin su na iya kaiwa sama da 345 MPa, fiye da sau 10 na siminti na yau da kullun; kuma kyawun filastik ɗin su yana ba su damar lalacewa a ƙarƙashin kaya ba tare da karya ba, suna ba da garantin sau biyu na amincin tsarin. Wannan sifa ta sa ba za a iya maye gurbinsu a cikin manyan yanayi, tsayi mai tsayi, da kuma yanayin kaya masu nauyi.

Babban Nau'in Tsarin Karfe

(I) Rarraba ta Tsarin Tsarin
Tsarin Tsarin Ƙofar Ƙofar: Wannan tsari, wanda ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai da katako, yana samar da tsarin "ƙofa" mai siffa, haɗe tare da tsarin tallafi. Ya dace da shuke-shuken masana'antu, wuraren ajiyar kayayyaki, manyan kantuna, da sauran gine-gine. Tsawon tsaunuka na yau da kullun yana daga mita 15 zuwa 30, wasu sun wuce mita 40. Za a iya tsara abubuwan da aka riga aka tsara a masana'antu, suna ba da damar shigarwa akan rukunin yanar gizon a cikin kwanaki 15 zuwa 30 kawai. Misali, JD.com's Asia No. 1 Logistics Park shagunan ajiya na farko suna amfani da irin wannan tsarin.
Tsarin Truss: Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi sanduna madaidaiciya da aka haɗa ta nodes don samar da geometry na triangular ko trapezoidal. Sandunan suna ƙarƙashin ikon axial ne kawai, suna cikakken amfani da ƙarfin ƙarfe. Ana amfani da tsarin truss a cikin rufin filin wasa da manyan gada. Alal misali, gyaran filin wasan ma'aikata na birnin Beijing ya yi amfani da tsarin truss don cimma tsawon mita 120 ba tare da ginshiƙi ba.
Tsarin firam: Tsarin sararin samaniya da aka kafa ta hanyar haɗa katako da ginshiƙai yana ba da tsare-tsare masu sassauƙa na bene kuma shine babban zaɓi na gine-ginen ofis da otal-otal.
Tsarin grid: Wurin sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi mambobi da yawa, sau da yawa tare da alwatika na yau da kullun da nodes na murabba'i, yana ba da ingantaccen gaskiya da kyakkyawan juriya na girgizar ƙasa. Ana amfani da su sosai a tashoshin jiragen sama da cibiyoyin tarurruka.

(II) Rarraba ta Halayen Load
Membobi masu sassauƙa: Suna wakilta ta katako, waɗannan membobin suna jure wa lokacin lanƙwasawa, tare da matsawa a sama da tashin hankali a ƙasa. Sau da yawa suna amfani da sassan H ko sassan akwatin welded, kamar katako na crane a cikin masana'antar masana'antu, kuma dole ne su cika buƙatun juriya da ƙarfi.
Membobin da aka ɗora wa axially: Waɗannan membobin suna ƙarƙashin axial tashin hankali/matsi kawai, kamar igiyoyin ƙugiya da grid. An ƙera igiyoyin ɗaure don ƙarfi, yayin da sandunan matsawa suna buƙatar kwanciyar hankali. Ana amfani da bututun madauwari ko sassan ƙarfe na kusurwa. Abubuwan da aka ɗora a kai a kai: Waɗannan ana yin su ga ƙarfin axial da lokacin lanƙwasawa, kamar ginshiƙan firam. Saboda girman girman kaya a ƙarshen katako, ana buƙatar sassan giciye masu ma'ana (kamar ginshiƙan akwatin) don daidaita ƙarfi da nakasawa.

Babban Amfanin Tsarin Karfe
(I) Kyawawan Kayayyakin Injini
Babban ƙarfi da ƙananan nauyi sune mafi mahimmancin fa'idodin tsarin ƙarfe. Domin tazarar da aka bayar, mataccen nauyin katakon karfe shine kawai 1/3-1/5 na katakon kankare. Misali, takin karfe mai tsawon mita 30 yana yin nauyi kusan kilogiram 50/m, yayin da katakon kankare ya kai kilogiram 200/m. Wannan ba kawai yana rage farashin tushe (da kashi 20% -30%) ba amma kuma yana rage tasirin girgizar ƙasa, yana haɓaka amincin tsarin girgizar ƙasa.
(II) Babban Ingantaccen Gina
Sama da kashi 90% na kayan aikin ƙarfe an riga an ƙera su a masana'antu tare da madaidaicin matakin millimita. Shigarwa akan rukunin yanar gizon yana buƙatar haɓakawa da haɗi kawai. Misali, ginin ofishin karfe mai hawa 10 yana daukar watanni 6-8 ne kawai daga samar da kayan aiki zuwa kammalawa, raguwar 40% na lokacin gini idan aka kwatanta da simintin siminti. Misali, wani aikin zama na karfe da aka kera a Shenzhen ya samu saurin gini na “bene daya a duk kwanaki bakwai,” yana rage tsadar ma’aikata a wurin.
(III) Ƙarfin Juriya da Girgizar Ƙasa
Ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana ba da damar tsarin ƙarfe don ɓata makamashi ta hanyar lalacewa yayin girgizar ƙasa. Misali, a lokacin girgizar kasa ta Wenchuan ta shekarar 2008, wata masana'antar sarrafa karafa a Chengdu ta samu 'yan nakasu ne kawai, ba tare da wata kasadar rugujewa ba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, bayan anti-lalata jiyya (galvanizing da shafi), karfe iya samun sabis rayuwa na 50-100 shekaru, tare da kulawa halin kaka nisa kasa da kankare Tsarin.
(IV) Kare Muhalli da Dorewa
Yawan sake amfani da karafa ya zarce kashi 90 cikin 100, wanda zai ba da damar sake narkewa da sarrafa shi bayan rugujewar, tare da kawar da gurbacewar sharar gini. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ginin ƙarfe ba ya buƙatar wani tsari ko kulawa, yana buƙatar ƙaramin aikin jika na kan layi, da rage ƙurar ƙura da sama da 60% idan aka kwatanta da simintin siminti, daidaitawa tare da ka'idodin ginin kore. Misali, bayan da aka rusa wurin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen gudanar da wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi na shekarar 2022 a birnin Beijing, an sake yin amfani da wasu sassa a wasu ayyukan, inda aka cimma nasarar sake amfani da albarkatun kasa.

Yaɗuwar Aikace-aikacen Tsarin Karfe
(I) Gina
Gine-ginen jama'a: filayen wasa, filayen jirgin sama, wuraren tarurrukan tarurruka da wuraren baje kolin, da dai sauransu, sun dogara da tsarin ƙarfe don cimma manyan tafkuna da ƙira masu faɗi.
Gine-ginen zama: Gidajen da aka riga aka kera da karfe suna ƙara shahara kuma suna iya biyan buƙatun gidaje na musamman.
Gine-gine na kasuwanci: Manyan gine-ginen ofis da manyan kantunan sayayya, waɗanda ke amfani da tsarin ƙarfe don cimma sarƙaƙƙiya ƙira da ingantaccen gini.
(II) Sufuri
Injiniyan gada: Gadajen giciye-teku da gadojin dogo. Ƙarfe gadoji suna ba da manyan tazara da iska mai ƙarfi da juriya na girgizar ƙasa.
Titin jirgin ƙasa: Canories tashar jirgin karkashin kasa da katakon titin dogo mai sauƙi.
(III) Masana'antu
Matakan masana'antu: Manyan injina da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfe. Tsarin ƙarfe na iya jure wa nauyin manyan kayan aiki da sauƙaƙe gyare-gyaren kayan aiki na gaba.
Wuraren Ware Housing: Wuraren sarƙoƙi na sanyi da cibiyoyin kayan aiki. Tsarin firam ɗin Portal sun haɗu da manyan buƙatun ajiya mai tsayi kuma suna da sauri don ginawa da ƙaddamarwa cikin sauri.
(IV) Makamashi
Wuraren wutar lantarki: Babban gine-ginen masana'antar wutar lantarki da hasumiya mai watsawa. Tsarin ƙarfe ya dace da manyan lodi da matsanancin yanayin waje. Sabon Makamashi: Hasumiya na injin turbin iska da tsarin hawa na hotovoltaic suna da sifofin ƙarfe masu nauyi don sauƙin sufuri da shigarwa, suna tallafawa haɓakar makamashi mai tsabta.