Labarai - Ƙarfe-Ƙarfe Mai Zafi: Babban Filin Masana'antu

A cikin tsarin masana'antu na zamani, ƙwanƙolin ƙarfe mai zafi mai zafi shine kayan aiki na asali, kuma bambance-bambancen su na samfuri da bambance-bambancen aiki kai tsaye suna shafar jagorancin ci gaban masana'antu na ƙasa. Daban-daban nau'ikan nau'ikan coils na karfe masu zafi suna taka rawar da ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba a fagen gine-gine, motoci, makamashi, da sauransu tare da nau'ikan sinadarai na musamman da kaddarorin injina. Masu biyowa za su mayar da hankali kan yin nazari akan ƙirar ƙarfe mai zafi mai jujjuyawa tare da mafi girman buƙatar kasuwa da ainihin bambance-bambancen su.

Babban Babban Ƙarfi: Q235B da SS400
Q235B shine mafi ƙarancin ƙarfe na tsarin carbon da aka fi amfani dashi a cikin Sin, tare da abun ciki na carbon kusan 0.12% -0.20%, kuma yana da kyawawan kayan filastik da walda. Ƙarfin yawan amfanin sa shine ≥235MPa kuma ana amfani dashi ko'ina a cikin ginin gine-gine, goyan bayan gada da sassa na inji. A cikin masana'antar gine-gine, I-beams, tashar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa da sauran karafa da aka yi da Q235B masu zafi mai zafi na karfe suna da fiye da 60%, suna tallafawa kwarangwal na kayan aikin birane.
SS400 karfe ne na tsarin carbon da ake amfani da shi na duniya tare da irin wannan ƙarfin zuwa Q235B, amma tsananin sarrafa sulfur da phosphorus ƙazanta da ingancin saman. A fagen gine-gine, ana amfani da coils masu zafi na SS400 don sassa na ginin. Juriyar lalatawar ruwan teku ya fi na yau da kullun na carbon, yana tabbatar da amincin tafiye-tafiyen teku.

Wakilai masu ƙarfi: Q345B da Q960
Q345B ƙaramin ƙarfe ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da ƙara 1.0% -1.6% manganese, ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa yana sama da 345MPa. Idan aka kwatanta da Q235B, ƙarfinsa yana ƙaruwa da kusan 50%, yayin da yake kiyaye kyakkyawan walƙiya. A cikin aikin injiniya na gada, akwatunan akwatin da aka yi da Q345B masu zafi na ƙarfe na ƙarfe na iya rage nauyi da kashi 20%, yana rage farashin injiniya sosai. A cikin 2023, ginin gada na cikin gida zai cinye sama da tan miliyan 12 na coils masu zafi na Q345B, wanda ke lissafin kashi 45% na jimlar wannan nau'in.
A matsayin wakilin musamman na ultra-high ƙarfi karfe, Q960 cimma wani yawan amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi na ≥960MPa ta microalloying fasahar (ƙara vanadium, titanium da sauran abubuwa) da kuma sarrafawa mirgina da sarrafa sanyaya tafiyar matakai. A fagen injiniyoyin injiniyoyi, za a iya rage kauri daga hannun crane da aka yi da Q960 mai zafi mai zafi zuwa ƙasa da 6mm, kuma ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi yana ƙaruwa da sau 3, wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar nauyi na kayan aiki kamar masu tonawa da cranes.

Alamar Musamman: SPHC da SAPH340
SPHC babban samfuri ne a tsakanin ƙananan karafan carbon da aka yi birgima. Ta hanyar inganta tsarin mirgina don sarrafa girman hatsi, haɓaka ya kai fiye da 30%. A cikin masana'antar kayan aiki na gida, ana amfani da coils masu zafi na SPHC don kera gidajen kwampreso na firiji. Ayyukan zane mai zurfi yana tabbatar da cewa madaidaicin ƙimar hadadden shimfidar wuri mai lankwasa ya wuce 98%. A cikin 2024, amfani da coils na SPHC mai zafi a cikin filin kayan aikin gida zai karu da 15% kowace shekara zuwa tan miliyan 3.2.
A matsayin karfe tsarin mota, SAPH340 yana samun daidaito tsakanin ƙarfi da tauri ta ƙara 0.15% -0.25% carbon da gano boron. A cikin masana'anta na sabbin firam ɗin baturi na abin hawa makamashi, SAPH340 masu zafi-birgima na iya tsayayya da nauyi fiye da 500MPa kuma sun cika buƙatun hanyoyin waldawa tabo. A cikin 2023, yawan nau'in nada mai zafi na irin wannan da ake amfani da su a cikin sabbin motocin makamashi na cikin gida ya kai kashi 70% na sassan tsarin baturi.

Samfura	Ƙarfin Haɓaka (MPa)	Tsawaitawa (%)	Yanayin Aikace-aikace na al'ada
Q235B	≥235	≥26	Tsarin gine-gine, kayan aikin gabaɗaya
Q345B	≥345	≥21	Gada, tasoshin matsa lamba
Farashin SPHC	≥275	≥30	Kayan aikin gida, sassan mota
Q960	≥960	≥12	Injin Injiniya, kayan aiki masu inganci